Ines Mergel

Archive for 2009

Colbert takes a crack at Recovery.gov

In Barack Obama, Information Management, Obama, Open Government, Recovery.gov on December 3, 2009 at 3:27 pm

A Call for Papers on Twitter networks at the 2010 Sunbelt Social Networks Conference

In Conferences, Networks, Social Network Analysis, networking, online networking on November 14, 2009 at 4:41 pm

At the 2010 International Sunbelt Social Networks Conference, to take place at Riva del Garda, Trento, Italy, from June 29 to July 4, 2010, we intend to organize a session on Twitter networks. We are looking for papers with empirical evidence using the social networking and micro-blogging service Twitter.com. Twitter has become one of the most prominent publishing channels of short messages during the last year and caught our attention as network researchers. We would like to initiate a session on how network researchers use the public conversations observed on Twitter and how they capture, analyze and interpret Twitter networks.

Potential contributors should also note that at the Sunbelt conferences series, final (written) papers are not requested to be submitted: just abstracts suffice. However, all submitted abstracts of the proposed papers will be reviewed by the INSNA organizers (and not by the session organizers), who may also decide on the format of the paper presentation (as lectures of 20 minutes or posters of 60 minutes). In any case, since we would like to coordinate the Twitter networks session, potential contributors in this session are free to contact us before the end of November 2009, as the deadline for submission of abstracts of contributed papers is December 1, 2009 now January 15, 2010. Nonetheless, the abstract submission should be done by the contributors themselves who should complete the Submission Form here. Since the name of the session “Twitter networks” is not listed in the Session field of this Form, applicants should insert it in the “New Session” field.

Session initiators:
Ines Mergel, Maxwell School at Syracuse University, NY
Moses Boudourides, Department of Mathematics, University of Patras, Greece
Lothar Krempel, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Germany
Marc Smith, Connected Action Consulting, Belmont, CA

Peace Facebook: Friendships on Facebook

In Facebook, Peace Facebook on November 11, 2009 at 7:11 am

I came across the “Peace Facebook” page and was surprised to see how many friendships across unlike boundaries are being created on a daily basis:

Palin’s return to Twitter

In Politicians on social networking sites on November 10, 2009 at 8:02 am

Former Governor of Alaska, Sarah Palin, has returned to Twitter with a new Twitter handle (@SarahPalinUSA) after abandoning her official Twitter handle (and with that a lot of followers):

Facebook and Government group starts posting screenshots of government agencies

In Facebook, Government 2.0 on October 16, 2009 at 11:03 am

The “Facebook and Government” group on Facebook has started to post screenshots of government agencies who have embedded Facebook into their design:

Google launched site for public sector topics

In Government 2.0, Mashup on October 11, 2009 at 6:59 pm

A while ago, Google has launched a page that solely focuses on the public sector. In their own words:

Most people reach government and other public sector websites by using Google and other search engines. This site is a guide to the tools and best practices that can help you reach, communicate and engage with your community. Most of these tools are free, so they can also help you do more with less.

Google Public Sector

Google Public Sector

“You Lie 2.0”: How disrespecting the protocol can get you thousands of new friends and a million dollars on social media sites

In Members of Congress, Obama on September 17, 2009 at 5:45 pm

Was Rep. Joe Wilson’s outburst “You Lie” last week during the presidential address to the joint session of Congress harmful or helpful to him? This is the question I asked in a not representative poll in my MPA class this Monday. 70% of my students said that it must have been harmful to him. And then we looked at the numbers.

In an unprecedented move, Wilson’s hired a new media strategist who went to work in the same night as his client had breached the protocol. The result: 50 new Twitter messages and a record increase in Twitter followers. Overnight, Mr. Wilson’s followers increased by 500% (from ~ 2,300 followers up to over 10,000 followers over night: see TwitterCounter).

Non of these developments comes as a surprise – although – a conservative Member of Congress is using these channels – which he hadn’t frequented as much and with a very different netiquette and traditional forms of messages: “Have a great Labor Day” – was his last message before the joint session of Congress.

Without a true apology to the American people or his fellow Members of Congress, Senator Wilson managed to create friends – or in the Web 2.0 lingo – picked up people where they are: on Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. He mimicked the Campaign 2.0 success of his biggest foe, President Obama, and increased his fans on his congressional Facebook fanpage to over 11,000 fans.

In an interesting move, he is also equipped his Facebook campaign page – a standard profile page that you and I can create – to a donation channel using Google Checkout, without any substantial information about the issues. The main explanation on this page is: “Washington Democrats and their liberal allies want to divert attention away from the concerns about the massive government takeover of health care. In fact, they have made me their Number One target — already raising millions of dollars for my opponent. But I will not give up and I will not back down from our fight. We will not be muzzled. Will you please make a donation to help me fight back against these unwavering attacks? Thank you for standing with me in this fight.”

The result: More than $1.5 million dollars in donations following the weekend of his outburst. Granted – we do not know where these donations are coming from and we are not able to track them back to his Facebook campaign page or even back to his district for that matter. And – his opponent Sen. Rob Miller has made a few bucks himself during the same time frame. Both might be picking up supporters beyond their own playground.

What is interesting and a novelty in the arena of spinning the message is that new media experts are hired – who specifically focuses on targeting new media channels. The messages he is shooting out to the world are no longer about damage control – but about turning a wrong into a right: “I apologized to the President – I believe that is sufficient.”

In other contexts, misbehavior, breaching the protocol, or out-bursting inappropriately creates foes. Kanye West was shunned by his celebrity colleagues for jumping on stage at the VMA awards during Taylor Swift’s acceptance speech for her best video award – proclaiming that his friend Beyonce should have won the award. Serena Williams received a high fine of $10,500 dollars for insulting a line judge during the US Open finals on the same weekend. Both found themselves in the dog house — and as expected and traditionally the norm – both apologized profoundly, not only directly to the person they harmed, but also to the public.

While Wilson’ congressional website was overloaded with site hits and temporarily went down, it was reported that it was also target of a Denial of Service (DDOS) attack and a slim version without graphics is now back up.

In response to the Congress’ resolution on Tuesday, Congressman Wilson tweets: “Despite Congress’ actions today, I will not back down from speaking the truth. Please stand with me http://bit.ly/duWXu”.

Overall, what we can observe is an immense upheaval of social media tools, a medium that has become the message and a money-for-issue exchange. Social media tools are providing a payoff to catering to the fringe and are facilitating extreme polarization in Congress – and thereby giving a voice to those who were already loud – but not necessarily right. An addition to viral messages of the birthers, death panelists, and now “You lie” shouters.

Yes, there is an App for that…

In Apps.gov, Government as platform on September 16, 2009 at 6:11 pm

GSA has launched the government’s own application store:

Here is the related NYT coverage.

Disaster maps (Apps for America)

In Apps for America, Google Maps, disaster, emergency management on September 5, 2009 at 12:19 pm

reBlog from socialfeds.com: Federal Agreements with Social Media Providers Released » Socialfeds

In Federal Agreements with social media providers on August 31, 2009 at 7:47 am

I found this fascinating quote today:

In response to a Freedom of Information Act request in April by the Electronic Information Privacy Center (EPIC), the GSA has released the “Web 2.0 agreements” that were generated by the agency on behalf of the federal government with many social media providers in March of 2009.  The release includes contracts with Blip.tv, Blist, YouTube, Flickr, and MySpace and the amendments to the Facebook, Slideshare, Vimeo, and AddThis Terms of Service.  It seems that while these agreements may resolve legal concerns associated with many standard terms and conditions that pose problems for agencies, such as liability limits, endorsements and freedom of information, the contracts with the GSA consistently omit statements concerning Web 2.0 service providers’ obligations to protect privacy.socialfeds.com, Federal Agreements with Social Media Providers Released » Socialfeds, Aug 2009

A list with links to all the federal agreements with different social media providers is included in the original article

Reblog this post [with Zemanta]

CDC: New social media site including SecondLife island

In Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Second Life, Swine Flu, social media on August 27, 2009 at 6:28 pm

Just in time for the start of the new flu season and the return of students to campuses, the CDC has redesigned their social media page. It now includes a Flickr page, Facebook group, Twitter account, YouTube channel, MySpace page, iTunes page and even a SecondLife island:

CDC Social Media

CDC Social Media

Whitehouse Open Government brainstorming map

In Barack Obama, Collaboration, Open Government, Transparency, citizen participation, participation on August 25, 2009 at 6:13 am

On debategraph.org, an interactive Wiki was created to display the brainstorming process of the Whitehouse’s Open Government dimensions:

Whitehouse Open Government Brainstorming Map

Whitehouse Open Government Brainstorming Map

Transparency: WaPo launches POTUS tracker

In Barack Obama, Transparency on August 24, 2009 at 8:33 pm

Facebook to Twitter app (for FB profile pages)

In Facebook, Members of Congress, Social networking services, Twitter, social networking sites on August 21, 2009 at 7:58 am

Facebook has launched the “Facebook to Twitter” application. So far it is only available for Facebook Pages of businesses, celebrities, politicians, etc. Here is Facebook’s official definition of a Facebook page:

A Facebook Page is a public profile that enables you to share your business and products with Facebook users. Create one in a few minutes with our simple interface.

While I was interviewing congressional offices to understand their use of Facebook pages and profiles, I came across different strategies. Some have started out with profile pages and when they reached the maximum of 5,000 friends, they switched to a FB page. Others waited until they received official advice from their party leadership on how to use FB. Using “Facebook to Twitter” updates would definitely help them to easily update only one social networking service and send the message out automatically to Twitter. Saves the staffers an additional step in their already extremely busy schedules.

Facebook to Twitter

Facebook to Twitter

USAID: Global Development Commons of the 2009 Afghanistan Election

In Google Maps, Google Mashup on August 20, 2009 at 6:21 am

USAIDs Global Development Commons: Connect. Collaborate. Innovate:

DoD social media report & web redesign effort

In Adoption of new technology on August 18, 2009 at 7:35 pm

After its crowdsourcing efforts through DoDLink and several media outlets, the Department of Defense has published its new defense.gov website. While that page certainly does have a few social media components, the DoD Social Media Special Report website displays all used new media tools in a very unique way: Click on the image below to go to the website and mouse-over each of the icons to see the pop-up bubbles with additional information to each tool:

DoD DefenseLink Special Report Social Media

DoD DefenseLink Special Report Social Media

YouTube video: “Social Media Revolution”

In Facebook, social media on August 18, 2009 at 7:31 pm

For a written version of all the statistics used in this video go to Socionomics Blog.

“Twitter Fight” among Members of Congress

In Health Care Reform, Health insurance reform, Members of Congress, Twitter Fight on August 15, 2009 at 4:19 pm

I just read about the “Twitter Fight” between Sen. Arlen Specter and Sen. Chad Grassely, both defending their standpoints on the health insurance reform.

Starting with Specter’s Twitter message: “Called Senator Grassley to tell him to stop speading myths about health care reform and imaginary “death panels.”

Grassley said: “Specter got it all wrong that I ever used words “death boards”. Even liberal press never accused me of that. So change ur last Tweet Arlen“:

And another response from Spector: “I will try to persuade Senator Grassley that the availability of counseling is appropriate and should be included in health care reform.”

Congressman Mike Honda: Crowdsourcing approach

In Diffusion of innovation, Members of Congress, New media, Open Congress, citizen participation, crowdsourcing, social media on August 14, 2009 at 1:38 pm

I am in the process of interviewing the most innovative congressional offices on their new media strategies and came across a truly groundbreaking approach for a political representative. Congressman Mike Honda, 15th district, CA (which includes Silicon Valley), and his new media director AJ Bhadelia, have initiated a crowdsourcing approach to redesign Honda’s congressional website. While there are a lot of details that I will report later, the first result of this process is up online:

Whitehouse.gov uses social media for health insurance reform reality check

In Barack Obama, Government 2.0, Health Care Reform, Health insurance reform, Obama, Transparency, Web 2.0, citizen participation, health, social media on August 12, 2009 at 4:49 am

OpenCongress.org: Overflowing with comments on health insurance reform

In Barack Obama, Health Care Reform, Open Congress, citizen participation, crowdsourcing, health on August 11, 2009 at 6:51 pm

Book: Influence of social networks on the adoption of eLearning practices

In Adoption of new technology, Books, Diffusion of innovation, Networks, Publications, Social Network Analysis, eLearning, informal networks, network ties, networking, public sector on August 10, 2009 at 12:41 pm

On a personal note: Just designed the cover of a new publication. My dissertation (from 2005) will be available in a print-on-demand version soon.

An increasing number of public institutions of higher education are realizing that there is a need to integrate innovative technologies into their curricula in order to enable students to access and review academic content anytime and to connect with each other outside of the classroom. Many public institutions of higher education have recognized this need and are in the process of introducing new practices in order to meet changing market conditions. These practices are generally referred to as eLearning practices. Besides the intended outcomes of digital student support and access to teaching content, applying eLearning practices and integrating them into the traditional existing teaching routines challenges an organization in multiple ways. The aim here is to show the factors influencing this adoption decision process. To gain a deeper understanding of the patterns and success factors of the adoption of eLearning practices, a social network perspective was applied to the process through which innovative technologies adopted by faculty members.

Reference:

Mergel, I. (2009): The influence of social networks on the adoption of eLearning practices: Using social network analysis to understand technology diffusion and adoption decision, Lambert Academic Publishing, Cologne, ISBN 978-3-8383-1083-1.

InnovateNow.us: Crowdsourcing approach in government

In Government 2.0, Web 2.0, citizen participation, crowdsourcing, public sector on August 7, 2009 at 6:52 am

Recently, I came across several examples of active crowdsourcing approaches in government. This week on GovTech.com, InnovateNow.us was introduced: A crowdsourcing approach in cooperation between the Chicago Chamber of Commerce and Illinois Department of Economic Opportunity “to determine how to increase the public transit ridership and reduce greenhouse gas emission”. More than 180,000 people have registered on the website so far. A $5,000 reward will be given to the person who suggests the best or most innovative solution:

Innovatenow.us

DoD is asking the public and interested professionals to weigh in to their efforts in redesigning their website: www.defense.gov. They actively solicit feedback and input on the new DoD Web 2.0 Guidance Forum:

DoD, Web 2.0 Guidance Forum

- DHS: Help us design our website:

DHS HelpUSDesignOurWebsite

- UK: Questions to MPs and Members of the House of Lord

UK Parliament Ask US

DDoS targeted one Twitter user – related to Russia-Georgia conflict

In Denial of Service Attack, Social networking services, Twitter, online networking, social media, social networking sites on August 7, 2009 at 4:08 am



DDoS target on Twitter

Originally uploaded by Ines Mergel.

Several sites report this morning, that the distributed denial of service attack on Twitter, potentially also on Facebook, YouTube, Google, Livejournal and other social networking services, was targeted towards only one user: an outspoken critic of the ongoing Russian-Georgian conflict.

Millions of users worldwide received emails with links to Twitter (Mashable, NYT, Guardian, etc.). The resulting heavy traffic brought the site down for most of the day and might have caused problems on Facebook due to additional traffic.

Expert relate this attack to the ongoing cyberwar between Russia and Georgia.

Twitter: Denial of service attack

In Denial of Service Attack, Twitter on August 6, 2009 at 10:45 am

Apparently, Twitter became important enough to be the target of a “Denial of Service attack” today (see related NYT article). These attacks were so far mainly targeting banks, government agencies, etc. Twitter relies on its Twitter Status update blog to let the community know:

Twitter - Denial of Service Attack

Twitter - Denial of Service Attack

My Card.ly Business Card with Social Networking Services

In Card.ly, Social networking services on August 5, 2009 at 5:07 am

Check out my card.ly business card:

Marines: Immediate ban of Social Networking Services (- or not)

In Government 2.0, Military, Networks, Twitter, Web 2.0, networking, online networking, social media, social networking sites on August 4, 2009 at 3:56 pm



Marines: Immediate Ban of SNS

Originally uploaded by Ines Mergel.

The Marines are no longer able to access social networking services. The following graphic shows the official statement published online and in all capital letters:

THESE INTERNET SITES IN GENERAL ARE A PROVEN HAVEN FOR MALICIOUS ACTORS AND CONTENT AND ARE PARTICULARLY HIGH RISK DUE TO INFORMATION EXPOSURE, USER GENERATED CONTENT AND TARGETING BY ADVERSARIES. THE VERY NATURE OF SNS CREATES A LARGER ATTACK AND EXPLOITATION WINDOW, EXPOSES UNNECESSARY INFORMATION TO ADVERSARIES AND PROVIDES AN EASY CONDUIT FOR INFORMATION LEAKAGE THAT PUTS OPSEC, COMSEC, PERSONNEL AND THE MCEN AT AN ELEVATED RISK OF COMPROMISE. EXAMPLES OF INTERNET SNS SITES INCLUDE FACEBOOK, MYSPACE, AND TWITTER.

At the same time, DoD and the U.S. Strategic Command are discussing weather they should restrict or ban social networking services ]. You can join the discussion on the Army Live blog (which will also be block for internal access in case the ban will come through) or on Twitter with @USArmy:

Read the full story on Wired.com by Noah Shachtman: Marines Ban Twitter, MySpace, Facebook

Here is the response of @thejointstaff (Adm. Mike Mullen):

Update (August 7, 2009): See NextGov article: “Marines and Social Nets: We Goofed” => Not sure what to believe… Marines seem still be allowed to use social media on their personal accounts. But they are reinforcing to ban “access to social Web sites on Defense networks to conserve bandwidth for operational requirements.”

You’ve got mail, Mr. President!

In Barack Obama, Government 2.0, Social Software, Twitter, Video, Web 2.0, Wisdom of the crowd, citizen participation, social media, social networking sites, technology on August 3, 2009 at 7:24 am

The Whitehouse has just posted a blog entry with a video showing how the President receives his mail every morning. Mr. Obama states that these letters keep him in touch with what is going on in the country and he responds personally with a handwritten letter. The video shows that the Whitehouse receives about 100,000 emails a week, 6,500 paper letters/week, ~1,000 faxes per day, ~2,500-3,500 calls/day.

Adding all the press coverage, Twitter messages, blog posts produced on social networking services every day that in one way or another touch the subjects the President is dealing with, we need to develop tools to efficiently digest and extract the most important themes.

Moreover, I see a few unsolved issues of information overload, vetting the information that is produced through all those channels and the process of intelligent ranking and selection of important issues. How can we verify that the information produced is true and represents the actual “trending” topics – to use a Twitter analogy. Artificial intelligence might be one answer to support the filtering process and grouping of similar topics, but the additional reality check is critical and can only be done with human intelligence.

See also the Whitehouse Blog entry and the responding @whitehouse message on Twitter.

US EUCOM website redesigned

In Government 2.0, Social Software, Web 2.0 on August 2, 2009 at 8:47 am

The US European Command has redesigned their website adding social networking services to their frontpage:

Twitter: New form of citizen participation – Tweet your senator

In Google Maps, Google Mashup, Government 2.0, Obama, Twitter on July 29, 2009 at 4:30 pm

I just stumbled upon the “Organizing for America” website with a new feature: Constituents can send Twitter messages to their Senator by adding a zip code to their message. The goal is to alert Senators of who is supporting Obama’s health insurance plan. The Twitter messages are popping up on a Google Mashup. Here are the instructions:

Enter your zip code above and you will be re-directed to the Twitter website to send your message. Due to character limitations, one of your senators will be selected at random each time you tweet.

Regulations.gov in Web 2.0 look and feel redesigned

In Government 2.0, Transparency on July 26, 2009 at 1:10 pm



Regulations.gov

Originally uploaded by Ines Mergel.

Regulations.gov is a website that hosts U.S. government regulations from over 300 agencies with the following functionality (quoted from the site):

Search for a regulation such as a proposed rule, final rule or Federal Register (FR) notice

Submit a comment on a regulation or on another comment

Submit an application, petition or adjudication document

Sign up for e-mail alerts about a specific regulation

Quickly access regulations that are popular, newly posted or closing soon-directly from the homepage

Subscribe to RSS feeds by agency of newly posted FR notices

Besides supporting the traditional e-rulemaking process, the website has a remarkable design: The site itself looks like a page in a book and tabs have the look of post-its. In addition to the search functionality (search for proposed rules, search for final rules, submit comments, submit and read comments), the page has a few Web 2.0 functions including sharing to over 60 different social networking services and RSS feeds.

Facebook privacy settings gone wild – Husbands receives single ad with wife’s picture

In Facebook, Government 2.0 on July 18, 2009 at 1:20 pm

It seems as if Facebook has changed their privacy settings again without informing the users: Facebook now uses by default your pictures in their Facebook ads. I first heard about it on the Mashable Blog.

This came out recently when a man saw ads on his Facebook page for a dating website with his wife’s picture in it. The screenshot of the wife’s blog shows the ad and the whole story.

Here is how you should change your privacy settings in case you want to avoid the same disaster and actually keep your privacy:

  1. Go to settings
  2. Privacy settings
  3. Click on “News Feed and Wall”
  4. Go to tab: “Facebook Ads” and for “Appearance in Facebook Ads” select “No one“:

Update: Facebook responds on their blog saying that they are tackling the problem.

Update 2: NYT picks up the topic: “Can you protect your image while on Facebook?” (07/24/2009)

Government 2.0 – Collaboration: NASA launches CosmoCode for internal collaboration

In Government 2.0, Web 2.0 on July 7, 2009 at 5:17 am

NASA has announced today that their CoLab has launched CosmoCode as an internal alpha to provide “free and open source space software through an independent project hosting website, and the development and management of a free software community specific to the challenges and opportunities afforded by space.”

Here are the goals and vision of the website:

Goals

The goals of CosmosCode are to:

  1. Explore the cost-benefit of leveraging the free and open source development process for projects that normally costs millions of dollars in development and testing;
  2. Open a door to our silicon valley neighbors and encourage private industry to create products and services which leverage and extend NASA’s investments, extending their applicability and relevance to the commercial sector;
  3. Leverage the free and open source community to improve software quality, enhance the functionality of existing software products, and create a virtual center of expertise in the area of space software;
  4. Improve the effectiveness of existing collaborations with other NASA Centers, space agencies, universities, and contractors;
  5. Through tutorials, transparency, collaborative planning, and a direct connection to NASA developers, provide an on-ramp for programmers looking to get involved in space, and for space companies looking to get involved in software;
  6. Distribute NASA’s public software to as wide an audience as possible.

Website

CosmosCode will offer:

  1. Free Project Hosting (source code repository and project tools (Trac): wiki, tickets, subversion browsing)
  2. Guides and HowTos on developing open source for the space sector, blogs and discussion forums for questions and relationship building

Community building: bridging the divide

  1. Clarifying and paving the way for NASA projects to participate in the free/open source community; Opening the door for the the same community to support core NASA mission requirements
  2. Focus on interaction and collaboration

SeeClickFix.com

In Transparency, Twitter, citizen journalism on July 6, 2009 at 5:55 pm

The Boston Globe reports today the following article “Municipal complaint? There’s an app for that“  about a new Government 2.0 application: SeeClickFix.com which reminds me of FixMyStreet in the Great Britain.  Citizens can type in their complaint including a zip code. The complaint will be displayed on a Google Mashup and other citizens can comment or vote (e.g., “4 people want this fixed too”).  The results can be sent to Twitter.  Here is a screen shot of the app:

Red Cross Social Media Strategy Handbook

In social media on July 6, 2009 at 8:01 am


RedCrossSocialMediaStrategy

Originally uploaded by Ines Mergel.

The Red Cross Social Media Strategy Handbook including slide deck:

Just added my Twitter account to Flickr2Twitter

In Networks on July 1, 2009 at 7:02 am


Flickr2Twitter

Originally uploaded by Ines Mergel.

Open Government: IT Spending Dashboard launched by the US federal government today

In Government 2.0, Open Government, Transparency on June 30, 2009 at 8:11 am


IT Dashboard

Originally uploaded by Ines Mergel.

Today, Vivek Kundra announced the launch of the IT Spending Dashboard to track federal spending on IT projects across departments.  It will be interesting to see if this will also trigger interventions in the way that the federal government spends money. Moreover, it might have the potential to change the way the federal government is organizing procurement.

Besides keeping track of contractors, government might also need to think about redesigning and redefining the internal specification process before the actual spending starts.

And here is a YouTube video with an introduction and overview of the functionalities:

New article: Co-Citation of Prominent Social Network Articles in Sociology Journals: The Evolving Can, by Lazer, Mergel, Friedman

In INSNA, Publications, Social Network Analysis, connections, research papers on June 25, 2009 at 6:29 am

Our paper “Co-Citation of Prominent Social Network Articles: The Evolving Can” was published by Connections in their current issue. You can download a copy from my publications page at Maxwell.

Abstract:

Social network analysis has been a particularly hot area across the social (and some non-social) sciences. How has this growth, in turn, affected the field of social network analysis within sociology, the discipline which has served as the primary home of social network analysis over the last several decades? In order to answer this question, we examined the citation patterns of the social network papers in the two leading general sociology journals, the American Sociological Review and the American Journal of Sociology, from 1990-2005, focusing on the body of literature that was cited by at least two social network papers in a given year. We produced two network snapshots of the social network canon during this period. These analyses reveal a combination of great change and substantial continuity. There was a substantial increase in interest in social networks in sociology throughout this period, and, in particular, an enormous rise in interest in small world issues, coupled with the abrupt entry of mathematicians and physicists into the sociology social network canon. However, during this entire period Granovetter’s work remained squarely at the center of the canon, with Granovetter (1973) as the most cited piece at both the earlier and later snapshots.

Twitter Whitehouse account updates Obama’s message in Farsi

In Government 2.0, Iran election, Twitter revolution, YouTube, online networking on June 24, 2009 at 6:04 am


Twitter Whitehouse in Farsi

Originally uploaded by Ines Mergel.

President Obama talked about the protesters in Iran this week. The Whitehouse Twitter account was subsequently updated in Farsi.

Similarly his YouTube address was published with Farsi subtitles:

A new “Twitter Revolution”? Is social media helping or hurting the protesters in Iran?

In Facebook, Government 2.0, Iran election, Twitter, Twitter revolution, Web 2.0, citizen journalism, online networking, social media, social networking sites on June 20, 2009 at 10:18 am


FB_Mussavi_PRESIDENT2

Originally uploaded by Ines Mergel.

In the aftermath of the Iran elections, social media tools have played a signicant role in publishing citizens’ stories and pictures on tools such as Twitter, YouTube and Facebook.

Mashable has posted a great overview of the number of posts published on blogs and micro-blogging tools that made it through the Internet blockage imposed by the Iranian government.

While it is not clear yet if Twitter really played an absolutely integral role and the traditional media channels didn’t play a role at all(see the Washington Post’s article on “Reading Twitter in Tehran: Sorry, but real revolutions exceed 140 characters” or the BusinessWeek “Iran’s Twitter Revolution maybe not yet“), the following picture shows a Facebook page Musavi’s supporters have set up for him. They label him here as the current “President” of Iran and I am wondering if this might hurt him more than it might actually help his cause.

See the post of the Institute on Ethics and Emerging Technologies on the dark side of Twitter in Iran.

Without any attribution or a source, I heard on Twitter that citizens should take out the batteries from their cellphones after they publish their messages and videos to social networking sites, so that the government won’t be able to geotrack them.

Towards Living Intelligence – YouTube video

In Government 2.0, Information Management, Intellipedia, social media on June 18, 2009 at 2:32 pm

My Facebook Vanity URL

In Facebook, Social Networks, social networking sites on June 13, 2009 at 5:11 am

FaceBookVanityName

Government 2.0 in action: Redesigned Utah.gov portal

In Government 2.0 on June 9, 2009 at 7:39 am

The Utah.gov state portal was redesigned this week and has now a lot of interesting Web 2.0 features, such as direct connections using social media tools (Facebook, YouTube, Flickr, Twitter, different mobile applications and RSS feeds). Besides the traditional functions of a portal, Utah has extended their online presence by geolocation services.  The new administration’s open government and transparency paradigm seems to be accomplished as well: online government data is provided (data tab), tracking of taxpayers’ money (transparency tab), support of citizen participation (public meetings tab), support innovation (innovation), and a lot more:

UtahPortal

Update: YouTube video with explanations of the functionalities:

Treasure hunt on Twitter: Rejected man hides engagement ring, posts clues on Twitter

In Social Software, Twitter, social media on June 7, 2009 at 7:47 am

Another surprising use of social media: A man in New Zealand hid the engagement ring his former girlfriend didn’t accept and posted 14 clues on Twitter for people to find it:

Twitter-TreasureHunt

Government 2.0: Obama’s speech live on Facebook & Twitter (not on TV)

In Facebook, Government 2.0, Obama, Social Networks, Twitter, Web 2.0, online networking, social media, social networking sites on June 4, 2009 at 6:06 am

Obama’s Kairo speech today addressed very openly all topics the middle east (and for that matter the whole world) is dealing with. It was broadcasted live only on Facebook with a constant flow of comments by Facebook users right next to the video. I had Twitter open in Tweetie right next to it and watched the @whitehouse messages flowing in at the same time. The audio and video quality was excellent – no static, no delay:

Obama's speech live on Facebook and Twitter

Obama's speech live on Facebook and Twitter

Viral T-Shirt Marketing on Amazon.com

In networking, online networking, online ties, social media, social networking sites on May 27, 2009 at 6:59 pm

A T-Shirt with two wolfes on it received over 760 customer reviews, triggered by a first review highlighting the advantages of the (rather plain and uninteresting) T-Shirt:

Pros: Fits my girthy frame, has wolves on it, attracts women
Cons: Only 3 wolves (could probably use a few more on the ‘guns’), cannot see wolves when sitting with arms crossed, wolves would have been better if they glowed in the dark.

Slide1

Astronauts testifying from Space

In online networking, social media on May 21, 2009 at 7:37 pm

Now I can put a face and a voice to Mike Massimino’s Twitter account – Mike was twittering from Space: @Astro_Mike

“Show us a better way”, “Apps for democracy”, “Apps for America”

In Government 2.0 on May 21, 2009 at 5:49 pm

Two (not so new) initiatives in the area of democratizing data:

1. Show us a better way (UK)

“Show us a better way” is an initiative in the United Kingdom run by the “Power of Information Taskforce” with the mandate to:

“The Power of Information Taskforce is helping government become more open, transparent and effective through better use of published information. This competition is asking for your help in developing better ways to publish the vast swathes of non-personal information that the government collects & creates on your behalf. Public data is your data.”

2. Apps for democracy (Washington, DC)

Vivek Kundra has created a similar initiative in the city of Washington, DC called “Apps for democracy“. Raw data was provided and a call to programmers was launched in which they were asked to come up with innovative tools to use public data. In comparison to large expenses for “traditional” e-Government applications, this initiative only has $35,000 available to give to the award winners.

Here is the video with an overview.

3. Apps for America

After Apps for Democracy, Sunlight Labs has just launched the Apps for America contest using the Data.gov data.

Data.gov

In Barack Obama, Government 2.0, Open Government, Video, Web 2.0, YouTube on May 21, 2009 at 2:38 pm

Vivek Kundra – the new federal CIO – explains in this YouTube video and the accompanying Whitehouse.gov blog post how the federal government intends to publish data on Data.gov:

The general objective is to democratize government data not sensitive in nature for which citizens have already paid for with their tax dollars and use the innovativeness of the public to find ways to that will make the data more useful.

Government 2.0 enthusiasts worth following on Twitter

In Blogs I read, Government 2.0, Swine Flu, Twitter, Web 2.0, citizen journalism on May 18, 2009 at 2:11 pm

Cross-posting on “Shaping Network Society” blog:

I am a Twitter enthusiast and as one of those people who do spend a lot of time online, I noticed that Twitter is one of the information channels, that help me get access to information, that is otherwise not on my radar screen or I would not get access to.

Twitter – for me personally as a Government 2.0 researcher – therefore has the potential to bridge structural holes in the communication and information structure that I have built over the years.  In addition, I noticed that it is expanding my attention network of a) topics I should pay attention to, and b) people and their public conversation streams that are interesting to know.  In a new information paradigm of the US government to move from a need to know to a need to share strategy, I thought I would share a few interesting people whose information and conversation who might be interesting to listen in to.

Without trying to convince anyone of the power of public conversations happening on Twitter, I put together a list of people and organizations that might have helpful information for anyone interested in Web 2.0 in government:

@timoreilly: Tim O’Reilly is the found and CEO of O’Reilly Media, traditionally known for publishing IT-related books, is now a supporter of Government 2.0 and hosts conferences on the topic. Definitely worth following -> I learned a LOT!

@mcaffee: Andrew McAffee, a former professor at Harvard Business School, has coined the term Enterprise 2.0. Andy addresses corporate but also general Web 2.0 problems and is asking questions using the hashtag #andyasks -> add the tag to the new search function, so that you can revisit the information purring in every few days.

If you like tweets from space live from the repair team of the Hubble telescope, space astronaut Mike Massimino is tweeting his observations directly from the space shuttle: @Astro_Mike. NASA itself was one of the first twitter users within the US federal government: @NASA.

As the swine flu (H1N1) developed and the threat level has increased to a pandemic disease, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in the US has adopted a comprehensive Web 2.0 approach to reach potential groups that are at risk at the virtual locations they might be frequenting the most. I posted a blog entry on this on my blog with an overview of tools used. On Twitter: @CDCemergency).

There are tons of government agencies present on Twitter and BearingPoint has put together a huge list that can be found here:

I have selected a few government agencies I am following and find helpful:
-    Department of State: Official Blog of the U.S. Department of State @dipnote
-    White House @whitehouse
-    US Army @USArmy
-    Tweet Congress: Aggregator of tweets from Members of Congress @tweetcongress
-    USA.gov – the one-stop shopping portal of the US Government: @usagov
-    Transportation Security Administration (TSA): @tsablogteam

In addition, the tweets of government-related IT publications and organizations might be helpful to learn about ongoing initiatives and news:
-    One Laptop Per Child @olpc
-    Govdigest @govdigest and DotGov @dotgov are compiling up to date information and are retweeting information from other accounts, spreading the word to their followers and multiplying the attention base.
-    UN Secretary general @secgen is using Twitter to as an online calendar, listing whom he is meeting with each day.
-    GovWik
-    Government Technology Magazine

As I am located in the US, this post and my list of favorite Web 2.0 people is very much US-centric. Please leave your suggestions for additional Twitter accounts in the comments!

Follow me on Twitter: @inesmergel

Future of journalims: Congressional hearing: Print vs. blog and citizen journalism

In citizen journalism on May 9, 2009 at 7:34 am

This week the The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation conducted a hearing of the Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet on the “Future of Journalism“. Invited were representatives of traditional print media (Steve Coll, Former Managing Editor The Washington Post and James Moroney, Publisher/CEO The Dallas Morning News) and new media, such as Marissa Mayer, Vice President, Search Products & User Experience Google Inc. and Arianna Huffington, Huffington Post.com.

Some snippets of the testimonies:

- Huffington:

“Journalism Will Not Only Survive, It Will Thrive”

“Can anyone seriously argue that this isn’t a magnificent time for readers who can surf the net, use search engines, and go to news aggregators to access the best stories from countless sources around the world — stories that are up-to-the-minute, not rolled out once a day?  Online news also allows users to immediately comment on stories, as well as interact and form communities with other commenters.”

- Ibargüen, Knights Foundation:

“For the first time in the history of the Republic, news  and information are being delivered on platforms far broader than the geographic boundaries of our democratic institutions. Until recently, the circulation area of newspaper or the reach of local television or radio signal roughly coincided with the physical boundaries of cities and countries.”

Coll, Former Editor of Washington Post

American journalism has entered a phase of what the economist Joseph Schumpeter has called “creative destruction.”

The participants made a few suggestion on what Congress could do to ensure the public interest journalists are serving. My biggested question is: should the Government bailout the newspapers, acquiring stakes in newspapers? How can this serve public interest as a democracy element, if journalists have to serve a newspaper owned by the government? Will this ensure neutral coverage and still be democratic?

White House 2.0

In Barack Obama, Blogs I read, Government 2.0, networking, social media, social networking sites on May 1, 2009 at 7:25 pm

The White House blog announced the “White House 2.0” initiatve today as a response to Obama’s call to meet the new challenges not with “old habits and stale thinking”.

Here is a list of the 2.0 tools they are using to stay in contact with citizens (aka fans, followers and friends):

CDC is fighting the spread of the swine flu with viral technologies

In Center for Disease Control and Prevention, MySpace, Social Networks, Swine Flu, health, social media, social networking sites on May 1, 2009 at 3:59 pm

The CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) is using several different social media channels to inform about the swine flu besides the traditional (Web 1.0) channels, such as frequent press briefings, general information in audio and video, etc.:

  1. Updates from the H1N1 page haven an RSS feed.
  2. Frequent updates are spread using Twitter.
  3. Video updates are posted using podcasts.
  4. Image sharing on the CDCs Flickr site.
  5. Buttons for your website.
  6. Information sharing on MySpace’s e-health page and daily strength group.
  7. Updates can be shared using several different services (Google Reader, Bookmarks, Delicious, Facebook, Digg, etc.).
  8. e-Cards to send by email to family members and friends to remind people to wash their hands.
  9. Agencies can embed a flu widget on their page.

On the funny side: Do you have swine flu?

Federal CIO Vivek Kundra: Five-Point Plan

In Networks on April 30, 2009 at 7:32 pm

Vivek Kundra’s  Five-Point Plan on which the administrative agenda will focus on was published in Government Technology:

  1. Open and transparent government.
  2. Lowering the cost of government.
  3. Cyber-security
  4. Participatory democracy
  5. Innovation

I am especially curious how Kundra and his colleague Beth Noveck will accomplish point 4 and what kind of tools they will use to increase participatory democracy.

I visited the Open Government Committee of New York State today and am very impressed with their accomplishments over the last 35 years.

White House “Open for Questions”

In Networks on April 30, 2009 at 5:51 pm

The wrap up of Obama’s first online town hall meeting are now posted on the White house blog’s section “Open for Questions“. From the Blog:

92,937 people have submitted 103,978 questions and cast 1,782,650 votes

Here is the video in which he explains how he wants to use online town hall meetings as tools to increase citizen participation:

More Government 2.0 from President Obama

In Barack Obama, Government 2.0, Networks on April 30, 2009 at 5:44 pm

The first 100 days in pictures are now up on the White House’s Flickr page. Great behind the scenes pictures again. I like the one where he checks out his new office:

Facebook Governance

In Facebook, Social Networks, social networking sites on April 5, 2009 at 7:58 pm

At Facebook, the 30-day commenting phase has ended at the beginning of April.  Two documents are under discussion: a) The Facebook Principles and b) The Statement of Rights and Responsibilities (SRR).

User world-wide were asked to comment among other things the new directions on who owns the content created and posted on Facebook and the extent to which user data can be used by the site.

The updated documents will be available on April 16.

The Celebrity Ecosystem on Twitter (via NYT)

In Twitter, connections, network ties, networking, online networking, online ties, social networking sites on March 30, 2009 at 6:49 am

The New York Times posted a network diagram highlighting how celebrities are connected on Twitter:

(Picture linked from NYT)

GSA agreement with social media providers

In Networks on March 29, 2009 at 8:18 pm

The U.S. General Service Administration has just released a press announcement stating that they have just signed agreements with several social media providers to make it easier for federal agencies to use new media service.

GSA has signed agreements with Flickr, YouTube, Vimeo and blip.tv, and is in discussions with many other providers that offer free new media services.

Brain surgery live on Twitter

In Brain surgery, Twitter, Video, Web 2.0, YouTube, health, networking, online networking, social media, social networking sites on March 22, 2009 at 7:50 am

This week, surgeons at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, MI, have tweeted a brain surgery live (see story on CNN).  Their main goal was teaching students and use technology that students are interested in and pay attention to. You can follow HenryFordNews on Twitter or view the surgeries their  YouTube channel.

Government 2.0: “We have a Facebook page, but we don’t allow anyone to look at it.”

In Blogs I read, Facebook, Web 2.0, public sector, social media on March 17, 2009 at 4:23 pm

I just stumbled upon an interesting article on the NYT blog: “Government 2.0 Meets Catch 22“. Here is a short quote – which summarizes what is going on:

“We have a Facebook page,” said one official of the Department of Homeland Security. “But we don’t allow people to look at Facebook in the office. So we have to go home to use it. I find this bizarre.”

Another proof that Government officials are testing the usefulness of social media applications, but are still not sure of the value added.

Social networks in crisis communication and as a resilience factor

In Social Networks, Social Software, Twitter, citizen journalism, crisis communication, informal networks, resilience, security, social media on March 10, 2009 at 8:51 am

We have just launched the “Resilience & Security” project website at INSCT, Syracuse University. The workshop report at the end of the first page, includes two papers of mine on a) institutional resilience and the influence of social networks and b) on the use of social media in crisis communication as a resilience factor.

The full research report is available via SSRN: Longstaff, Patricia, Mergel, Ines A. and Armstrong, Nicholas J.,Workshop Report: Resilience in Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Natural Disasters(March 9, 2009). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1357525

Here is the blurb of the project description:

The Institute’s project on Resilience is an effort to generate an interdisciplinary stream of research aimed at identifying key metrics of adaptive capacity in local communities overcome by armed conflict or major disasters.  Recent challenges in Post-Conflict Reconstruction (PCR) highlight the need for a full understanding of a host nation’s resilience to withstand the hardships of armed conflict.  The same holds true for communities impacted by natural disasters.  Academic research on resilience across multiple disciplines (social sciences, engineering, biology) has practical applications for data collection and analysis to inter-agency planners in developing strategies to restore the critical functions of civil society.  This leads to our foundational research questions:

  1. What attributes (human, social, cultural, political, economic, technological) within a community are essential to ensuring resilience?
  2. How are they measured?
  3. How are they interrelated?

This research will provide a deeper intellectual understanding of what makes communities “bounce back” (or not) after a significant disturbance, and culturally sensitive metrics for measuring resilience of local populations that can be used for planning response, and rebuilding. The knowledge gained in this collaboration will also find immediate application in other fields with high uncertainty including emergency management and disaster response planning.


Explained: “What Facebook is for”

In Networks on March 10, 2009 at 6:31 am

Hilarious explanation of friendship groups on Facebook:

Twitter in action: Reports Amsterdam plane crash supposedly 15 minutes earlier than traditional media

In Google Maps, Google Mashup, Twitter, citizen journalism, networking, online networking, social media, technology on February 25, 2009 at 7:33 am

When I woke up this morning, my Twitter contacts had just started to report about the plane crash in Amsterdam – the news pages I check only had one line of breaking news, but no full coverage. The #schiphol hash tag was bursting with quick messages; a Google Mash-up popped up with the exact location and distance to the runway, Twitterfall is even after a few hours still interesting to follow, citizen journalists have their five minutes of fame (@nipp reported directly from the scene and went from a handfull of followers to several hundred of followers within an hour). A lot of this reminds me of the  Hudson river landing a few weeks ago: the first picture of the plane in the river was published by a Twitter user as well.

What concerns me is that people were copying or retweeting head counts obviously replicating false messages for a while and I was wondering about the ethics of reporting in this new way. The head count rumors went from 0 (everyone survived), to 1 (although right away denied by the Turkish government), up to 5-7 (at the moment – unconfirmed). This seems to be the only way to collect information when official reports are not available in a crisis: the official press conference won’t start until 1:30pm today (about 4-5 hours after the crash).

In crisis communication, social media tools are prone to be used to report false information, but also have the ability to quickly correct (see Facebook messages during the Virgina Tech attacks) – this procedure is comparable to the mistake eliminations on Wikipedia. The current communication during the aftermath of the plane crash in Amsterdam supports Lea Winerman’s findings recently published in Nature (“Social Networking in Crisis Communication” -> abstract):

Messages appear on Internet-based social networks within minutes of disasters occurring. Lea Winerman investigates how to harness this trend to create official community-response grids.

Is online social networking making us sick?

In Biology, Social Networks, frequency of interactions, informal networks, network ties, networking, research papers, social networking sites on February 23, 2009 at 11:52 am

The Institute of Biology, UK, has published a paper called “Well connected: The biological implications of ‘social networking’” (pdf file). In this paper, the author Aric Sigman argues, that the more time people spend online, the less they have direct contacts with other human beings.

Here is the abstract:

One of the most pronounced changes in the daily habits of British citizens is a reduction in the number of minutes per day that they interact with another human being. Recent history has seen people in marked retreat from one another as Britain moves from a culture of greater common experience to a society of more isolated experience. She is in good company, as Americans too step back from one another in unprecedented magnitude.

Get offline to stay healthy…

Facebook’s Terms of Use and implications for network researchers

In Networks on February 22, 2009 at 12:59 pm

I just posted this on the “Complexity and Social Networks Blog“, Harvard’s Program on Networked Governance:

The changes of Facebook’s Terms of Use were quickly followed by massive protests of thousands of users requesting to abandon those changes. The Consumerist Blog was one of the first to ask their readers to boycott Facebook and look for alternative ways to connect with friends.

About a week after the change, Facebook made the decision to revert back to their original TOS (from Sepember 2008) and now works with their lawyers and legal specialists to come up with an improved version.

For researchers the TOS are critical: not just for understanding how Facebook will use our own data, but we also need to understand how we can use network data to analyze emergent social structures and the way users create, maintain, or abandon their online ties. The current TOS leave us in limbo – not knowing what is allowed and to what extent.

To understand this better and to collect the wisdom of the social network analyst crowd, I recently started a discussion on this topic on the SocNet listserver. I am trying to find arguments that will help to explain my research interests to an Institutional Review Board. The discussion is still going on. A few highlights are:

  • Facebook does not allow research (or anyone) to store data more than 24 hours, which makes it difficult to clean, analyze and of course at the end publish the data.
  • Data needs to be anonymous (especially in SNA network data cannot be anonymous – we need to know what kind of actors are nominating other actors and longitudinal data analysis seems to be impossible).
  • So far I have identified three different ways to collect/use Facebook data, although at this point it is unclear how people can comply to the first two bullet points.
  1. Bernie Hogan at the Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, UK, has created a Facebook application available on iTunesU to analyze Facebook data (open iTunes -> iTunes -> Oxford University).
  2. Dataverse project at Harvard’s Berkman Center has made available Facebook data.
  3. Create an application or a group on Facebook where you can find a way to have people give their consent to collect data on their online behavior and contacts.

We have set up an informal meeting at the annual INSNA (International Network of Social Network Analysis) conference in San Diego to exchange some of the ideas and information available. In case you are interested in joining us – please email me at ines_mergel(at)yahoo.com. I will post an update after the conference in March.

“Oh Crap. My Parents Joined Facebook”

In Facebook, Social Networks, Social Networks Blogs, network ties, networking on February 21, 2009 at 3:40 pm

Oh Crap. My Parents Joined Facebook” website shows conversations between kids and their various family members.

Here is one example directly linked from their website:

MC Hammer at HBS explaining Twitter

In Good Morning America, Harvard University, Social Networks, Social Software, Twitter, network ties, networking, online networking, social media, social networking sites on February 21, 2009 at 8:22 am

A new expert on social networking, MC Hammer, spoke at HBS about how he uses Twitter effectively. Instead of letting other people talk about him, he says that Twitter is a way of controlling what people hear – directly from him. The session was taped for a special issue on Twitter for Good Morning America. As Andy McAffee (HBS) says in the Good Morning America piece: Twitter is a low cost very public way to share information online:

(Picture linked from The Crimson)

Update: Here is the video from Good Morning America with the coverage.

Vote on list of recommendations for an Open Government Directive

In CTO, Obama, Open Government, Transparency on February 21, 2009 at 7:40 am

The NYT reports about the Open Government Directive: on the website of the Sunlight Foundation’s Our Open Government List (OOGL) you can vote on how much information the new federal Chief Technology Officer (CTO) should make publicly available.

Kudos to Facebook for returning to their previous Terms of Use

In Networks on February 18, 2009 at 5:59 am

I found the message below this morning on my Facebook profile. Kudos to Facebook for reverting back to their previous terms of use. An example of peer pressure:

Terms of Use Update

Over the past few days, we have received a lot of feedback about the new terms we posted two weeks ago. Because of this response, we have decided to return to our previous Terms of Use while we resolve the issues that people have raised. For more information, visit the Facebook Blog.

If you want to share your thoughts on what should be in the new terms, check out our group Facebook Bill of Rights and Responsibilities.

“Did you know?” YouTube video on the progression of IT

In Networks on February 16, 2009 at 7:23 pm

Royal Web 2.0

In Networks on February 16, 2009 at 2:40 pm

The royal Website got a revamp and now includes a Queen tracker… talking about royal Web 2.0:

Queen tracker

Queen tracker

Lazer et al. on “Computational Social Science” in Science

In Networks on February 14, 2009 at 4:33 pm

SOCIAL SCIENCE: Computational Social Science

Lazer et al.
Science 6 February 2009: 721-723
DOI: 10.1126/science.1167742

Found on the Web: The people and their food consumed in a week, by Joao Batista

In Networks on February 14, 2009 at 4:31 pm

Joao Batista’s photo series on “The People and the food they consume in a week” made it onto Facebook and is spreading. The last picture is the most impressive:

The Ayme family of Tingo

Ecuador: The Ayme family of Tingo

SNA in Social Sciences – Article in Science

In INSNA, Network Science, Social Network Analysis on February 13, 2009 at 6:40 pm

Network Analysis in the Social Sciences , Science

Abstract: Over the past decade, there has been an explosion of interest in
network research across the physical and social sciences. For social
scientists, the theory of networks has been a gold mine, yielding
explanations for social phenomena in a wide variety of disciplines from
psychology to economics. Here, we review the kinds of things that social
scientists have tried to explain using social network analysis and provide
a nutshell description of the basic assumptions, goals, and explanatory
mechanisms prevalent in the field. We hope to contribute to a dialogue
among researchers from across the physical and social sciences who share a
common interest in understanding the antecedents and consequences of
network phenomena.

* [31] Network Analysis in the Social Sciences, Stephen P. Borgatti, Ajay
Mehra, Daniel J. Brass, Giuseppe Labianca, 2009/02/13, DOI:
10.1126/science.1165821, Science Vol. 323. no. 5916, pp. 892 – 895 [31]

http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1165821